This paper investigates the cost of biomass co-firing in European coal plants. We propose an original method to get expressions of biomass and CO2 breakeven points: carbon switching price and biomass switching price. They correspond to carbon and biomass prices that make coal plants equally...

EUAs are European Union Allowances traded on the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), while Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) arise from the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol. These emissions assets attract an increasing attention among brokers, investors and operators on...

EUAs are European Union Allowances traded on the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), while Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) arise from the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol. These emissions assets attract an increasing attention among brokers, investors and operators on...

Postal reform (liberalization) is occurring rapidly around the world, perhaps most notably in the EU where January 1, 2011 was the date of Full Market Opening (FMO). As a strategy for maintaining the Universal Service Obligation (USO) under FMO, several authors suggest that the sale of access to...

Although traffic safety belongs to the quite intensively regulated sectors, there has been little discussion about the adequacy of the arguments underlying these regulations. We argue that passive and active car safety systems might cause positive externalities for other traffic participants and...

We consider an industry where firms produce goods that have different quality levels but firms cannot differentiate themselves from rivals. In this situation, producing low-quality generates a negative externality on the whole industry. This is particularly true when consumers cannot identify...

This paper constructs an entry and code-sharing alliances game to demonstrate that the alliance between the incumbent carriers may play a significant role of entry deterrence in a given airline network. We show that incumbents can use the alliances as a credible threat to deter the entry of the...

Airports are typically monopolistic providers of aeronautical services. Hence, the widespread privatization of airports within the last 20 years has in general been accompanied by some form of price regulation of aeronautical services. A great deal of attention has been given to the issue of...

Within an environment of sequential innovations, real world evidence suggests that the licensing decision of the initial patent can occur either before or after the R&D investment of the follow-on invention. The possibility of licensing after the follow-on invention exists due to the presence of...