By focusing on the macroeconomic effects of temporary price shocks, this note clarifies the relationships among the terms of trade, the real exchange rate and the current account. This clarification suggests that a real depreciation might prove incapable of bringing the external imbalance back...

One-sector inter-temporal models of the current account predict that a transitory shock to the terms of trade will lead to improvement in trade balance, while a persistent (or permanent) one could result in trade balance deterioration. This paper reexamines this issue in a two-sector small open...

During the financial crisis of 2008, the currencies of Latin America faced pressure to devalue— which evoked memories of the “contagious†crises of the 1990s. Yet even between crises, domestic macroeconomic factors can have an impact on a country's exchange market. This study...

Recent literature has argued that exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) into inflation has been declining following a dramatic change in inflation environment during the 1990s. We formally check this hypothesis for a sample of 12 emerging and developed economies, by making use of a state-space model...

This paper examines the dynamics of the degree of capital mobility for Malaysia for the period 1991Q1-2009Q4. Generally Malaysia has been an open economy for trade, however periodic episodes of capital control such as those in 1994 and 1998 means that the level of capital mobility in Malaysia...

This paper empirically examines the behaviour of exchange rates in order to identify de facto exchange rate regimes in post-crisis Asian countries. We use the multivariate GARCH model to estimate the conditional correlation among the value of currencies, which include the currencies of Thailand,...

This paper investigates how financial, trade, institutional and political liberalization policies have affected financial efficiency in Africa. It uses updated data to appraise second generation reforms in order to gather fresh evidence and derive more updated policy implications. The ‘freedom...

New Caledonia has a structural trade deficit. Public transfers from the French State amount to a large part of credits in the current account balance. The local currency, the franc XPF, has had a fixed parity against the euro since 1999. In prospect of independence, which would imply a loss (or...

A key relationship in international economics is that between trade flows and exchange rates. This paper examines the empirical evidence of S-curve relationship between U.S. trade balance and terms of trade both at the aggregated and disaggregated level from 1989Q1 to 2010Q4. I find evidence of...