In this article we apply a two stage approach in order to investigate the existence of a stronger gender discrimination when the job position is higher, splitting the Italian labor market into managers and non managers. Once the threefold selection biases for the two genders are accounted for...

Using a large linked employer–employee dataset for Germany with a direct plant-level measure of product market competition and controlling for job-cell fixed effects, we investigate whether relative wages of women benefit from strong competition. We find that the unexplained gender pay...

This paper presents a study of differences in occupational rank between gay and heterosexual males as well as between lesbian and heterosexual females. We estimate different specifications of an ordered probit model on register data from Sweden. Our data consist of married heterosexual men and...

We carried out a survey among undergraduate students to investigate the role of gender stereotyping in the perception of female work and its consequences in terms of wage discrimination. Traditional female-oriented and male-oriented jobs are evaluated in terms of compensatory factors related to...

This study uses longitudinal data to investigate racial differences in the occupational structures of prime-aged males in the U. S. labor market. Our primary empirical objective is to determine if the level of occupational segregation against African American males has declined over time. Our...

In order to examine whether Chinese employers discriminated against females during the hiring process in 1996 and 2005, we used the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) questionnaire (1997 data, pooled data of 2004 and 2006) by referring to Johnson (1983) and Mohanty (1998). Empirical...

We consider effects of quota or "affirmative action" for women at work-places on the societal outcomes. A simple model of household decision making with production and endogenously determined female power is studied. We show that even under standard economic modeling specifications, as a result...

History is replete with overt discrimination of various forms. However, these forms of discrimination are not equally tolerable. For example, discrimination based on immutable or prohibitively unalterable characteristics such as race or gender is much less acceptable. Why? I develop a simple...

Paying different wages to workers of equal productivity because of demographic groups to which they belong is illegal in the US and other Western countries. Yet, the vast economic literature on wage discrimination has entirely overlooked this fact when modeling the employer's discriminatory...

The National Basketball Association (NBA) has been fertile ground for the study of discrimination due to demographic and cultural shifts in not only the teams but also the fan populace. The early research found evidence of black-white wage differentials and customer discrimination (Kahn and...