We examine the effect of immigration on public spending from a theoretical (political economic) and an empirical … immigration increases or decreases public spending primarily depends on native’s preferences for private versus public good … spending. We empirically test our theoretical hypotheses, the `fiscal effect’ and the `anti-social effect’ of immigration using …

, wages, and the inequality of wages within firms. While the average amount spent on employer-provided training is low in … IT-courses. We find a significant relationship between training and wages, the coefficient is about 0.05. We find no … significant effect of training on the inequality of wages within firms. …

) employment of agency workers in a firm, if they manage to bargain higher wages for their members. We estimate the relationship … collective bar- gaining have lower wages in the presence of agency workers, suggesting that agency workers are hired against the …

, more unemployment, lower wages, lessens over time but is still present after three years. …