In the literature on bank runs where depositors decide whether to withdraw early from the bank or not based on the noisy signals they receive about the future returns, a unique equilibrium is established with a threshold level below which depositor would withdraw. However, these papers assume...

Banks can fail because of bad economic fundamentals, and/or general panic withdrawals by depositors who feel the bank does not have sufficient reserves to meet the demand. This paper attempts to find the optimal reserve level and early returns the banks should decide on. If the reserve policy of...