This paper presents a new approach to incorporate estimation risk into mean-variance portfolio selection. The key contribution of our analysis is that we model the estimation risk as a second, independent source of risk.

Expected returns can hardly be estimated from time series data. Therefore, many recent papers suggest investing in the global minimum variance portfolio. The weights of this portfolio are usually estimated by replacing the true return covariance matrix by its time series estimator. However,...

This study establishes necessary conditions for Almost Stochastic Dominance criteria of various orders. These conditions take the form of restrictions on algebraic combinations of moments of the probability distributions in question. The relevant set of conditions depends on the relevant order...

Both the expected-utility maximization and the hierarchy property are very important properties in stochastic dominance. For almost stochastic dominance, Leshno and Levy (2002) propose a definition and Tzeng et al. (2013) modified it to give another definition. This note provides more...