We estimate the effect of exports on HIV incidence for sub-Saharan African countries, using an instrument related to the Baltic Dry Index. We find that a doubling of exports per capita could increase HIV incidence by about 55% on average.

This paper shows that a two-tiered production structure with both traded and non-traded intermediate goods and non-traded final goods can generate a cost of capital adjustment that is very similar to the quadratic adjustment cost often assumed in single good macroeconomic models. This implies...

Regressions of price differences between locations in different countries without controlling for the local market structure and the location of origin will lead to a biased estimate of the impact of national boundaries. We demonstrate that non-classical measurement error in distance and...

This letter uses an augmented gravity model to revisit the effect of similarity in income distributions on bilateral trade flows. We document a robust new empirical regularity: while differences in average incomes between two countries increase trade, differences in income dispersion reduce it....

Costs necessary to conform with rules and regulations governing market access (i.e. compliance costs) are uncertain prior to export or collection of information which is not cost free for an individual firm. In this paper, we extend the heterogeneous firm model of Melitz to analyze how an...

Despite the onset of globalization, year-by-year cross-country regressions of the gravity model usually suggest that the impediment of geographical distance on bilateral trade is rising, and not declining, over time. This effect of distance is dubbed the distance puzzle. In this paper, we argue...

Empirical findings from the gravity model using a bilateral data set of 23 OECD countries provide strong support for the network effect of FDI, migration, and the Internet on international trade. Further, the findings show differences in the network effect between the manufacturing and service...

We provide evidence showing that the degree of diversification of import sources of finely disaggregated commodities rises monotonically along the growth path. This result is robust to different measures of import diversification and the inclusion of a large set of additional control variables....

Using a rich database on Italian manufacturing firms, we test the hypothesis that self-selection mechanisms differ from market to market. We observe significant ex ante productivity differences between firms starting to export to distinct geographical areas. Country characteristics such as size,...

A panel data approach is used to investigate both the steady-state and the transitional impact of trade liberalisation on export performance within a sample of selected OECD countries. The results find trade policy to be a largely insignificant determinant of export performance. Domestic...