In the standard generalized method of moments estimation of dynamic panel data models, the constant term is usually omitted from instrument sets. As a result, adding a constant to the dependent variable affects the estimates for models without full period dummies. Omitting the constant term from...

We find that an expansion of credit has a positive effect on per capita output growth only up to a point. Beyond this threshold the impact of finance on growth is not statistically significant anymore. We show, however, that the estimated non-linear relationship may stem from the omission of...

Do pro-trade effects of free trade agreements reflect timing of policy or dynamic trade adjustment? Only the latter involves dynamic welfare gains. I find that dynamic trade adjustment is as important as the immediate impact effect of free trade agreements.

In this note we extend the method proposed in Bun and Carree (2006) to the more general PVARX(1) model and show that the iterative procedure is not consistent for fixed T. Subsequently we provide corrected version of the bias correction procedure which is fixed T consistent and robust to both...

Using panel data of 17 European Union countries, we find robust empirical support for a positive impact of venture capital on innovation. After controlling for the potential endogenous relationship between venture capital and innovation, the results indicate that venture capital fosters...