representative evidence on the impact of the economic environment on employee opposition against the implementation of an innovation … innovation is an increase in employee performance, the firm experiences higher resistance, while resistance is lower in firms … aiming at increasing the product range by the innovation. Profit and turn over expectations of the firm and the outside …

these issues empirically, based on a harmonized survey of innovation activities of more than 1,800 firms located in Portugal …International knowledge spillovers, especially through multinational companies (MNCs), have recently been a major topic … of discussion among academics and practitioners. Most research in this field focuses on knowledge sharing activities of …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …