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The Sweet Life : The Long-Term Effects of a Sugar-Rich Early Childhood

Gertler, Paul J.; Gračner, Tadeja - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

We show that sugar-rich diet early in life has large adverse effects on the health and economic well-being of adults … more than fifty years later. Excessive sugar intake early in life led to higher prevalence of chronic inflammation … accumulating above median wealth. We identified elevated sugar consumption across lifespan as a likely pathway of impact …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013477292

Dimensions and Determinants of Early Childhood Health and Mortality Among American Slaves

Steckel, Richard H. - 1985

This paper relies on birth and death lists from plantation records to investigate the causes of low birth weight and poor health of young slave children. The sources of deprivation can be traced to the fetal period. The slave work routine was arduous overall and particularily intense during...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012477418

Estimating Neonatal Mortality Rates from the Heights of Children : The Case of American Slaves

Steckel, Richard H. - 1985

development that is unobserved among poor populations of the twentieth century. Thus slavery may have created an unusual pattern …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012477452

Fluctuations in a Dreadful Childhood : Synthetic Longitudinal Height Data, Relative Prices and Weather in the Short-Term Health of American Slaves

Steckel, Richard H. - 2004

For over a quarter century anthropometric historians have struggled to identify and measure the numerous factors that affect adult stature, which depends upon diet, disease and physical activity from conception to maturity. I simplify this complex problem by assessing nutritional status in a...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012467694

Agricultural Fires and Infant Health

Rangel, Marcos A. - 2016

Fire has long served as a tool in agriculture, but this practice's human capital consequences have proved difficult to study. Drawing on data from satellites, air monitors, and vital records, we study how smoke from sugarcane harvest fires affects infant health in the Brazilian state that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012455725

Birth Order in the Very Long-Run : Estimating Firstborn Premiums between 1850 and 1940

Cools, Angela; Grooms, Jared; Karbownik, Krzysztof; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024

The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we study how the family's role in human capital production...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014544686

Birth Cohort and the Black-White Achievement Gap : The Roles of Access and Health Soon After Birth

Chay, Kenneth Y. - 2009

One literature documents a significant, black-white gap in average test scores, while another finds a substantial narrowing of the gap during the 1980's, and stagnation in convergence after. We use two data sources -- the Long Term Trends NAEP and AFQT scores for the universe of applicants to...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012463571

Acting White or Acting Black : Mixed-Race Adolescents' Identity and Behavior

Ruebeck, Christopher - 2008

Although rates of interracial marriage are on the rise, we still know relatively little about the experiences of mixed-race adolescents. In this paper, we examine the identity and behavior of mixed-race (black and white) youth. We find that mixed-race youth adopt both types of behaviors -- those...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012464853

Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children

Fryer, Roland G. - 2006

On tests of intelligence, Blacks systematically score worse than Whites, whereas Asians frequently outperform Whites. Some have argued that genetic differences across races account for the gap. Using a newly available nationally representative data set that includes a test of mental function for...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012466603

Legacies in Black and White : The Racial Composition of the Legacy Pool

Howell, Cameron - 2003

Selective universities regularly employ policies that favor children of alumni (known as legacies') in undergraduate admissions. Since alumni from selective colleges and universities have, historically, been disproportionately white, admissions policies that favor legacies have...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012469255