January 2003, due to the destruction of a railway bridge at Rivirivi, Balaka. Estimations are based on monthly market prices …-2006. Market-pairs connected by rail when the railway line was operational, are intervention observations. Railway transport …

time (20 days) and money (USD 122,000) to obtain a halal certification. Mainly, this is because the market is very … concentrated and forms a closed circuit. About 20 Sharia scholars control more than half the market, of which the top 3 earn an … estimated USD 4.5 mln in fees per year. Moreover this market seems plagued by a number of problems, most notably a strong …

The article develops R.H.Coase's insight that the level of transaction costs in the market determines the amount of …

through the market and vertical forms through the hierarchy. As EDM events are characterised by much asset specificity, the …

For utility maximization problems under proportional transaction costs, it has been observed that the original market … with transaction costs can sometimes be replaced by a frictionless {\em shadow market} that yields the same optimal … short selling constraints are a sufficient condition to warrant their existence, even in very general multi-currency market …