results suggest that (particularly state) institutions aresignificant for growth and, especially, foreign direct investment …

restructuring, ownership,competition, budget constraints and, particularly, institutions in Russian industry, covering theperiod … assessment of formal andinformal institutions respectively, and largely the same ruling networks as before the start of … budget constraints do not.The substitution, to some extent, of informal for formal institutions may have prevented even …

Ineffective institutions increase transaction costs and reduce trade. This paper shows that differences in the … effectiveness of institutions offer an explanation for the tendency of OECD countries to trade disproportionately with each other …

This paper studies the effect of institutions on trade flows, using a gravity modelapproach. We start from a standard …-18%. Furthermore, a better quality of formal institutions tends to coincide with moretrade. An increase in regulatory quality of one …

the international market and insecurity of property rights and contract enforcement have recently been emphasized as … estimate gravity equations to investigate how trade patterns are affected by variation in the quality of institutions across … countries. The results show that institutions matter most for trade in differentiated goods. This variation in the importance of …