Because IPO mechanisms determine both the initial trading price and the allocation of newly-listed firms' shares, they … fifteen European countries shows the increasing prominence of book-building. Although this IPO mechanism is probably the only … markets, it appears necessary to pursue the harmonisation of IPO procedures and listing requirements that has started with the …

This survey aims at appraising the empirical research conducted on the European IPO markets as of the current date, and … at determining to what extent IPO theories explain European IPO patterns. To that end, we first describe the going public … markets. Second, we review the empirical evidence on initial underpricing, long-term IPO performance and IPO …

Our study investigates by which channels IPO underpricing impacts post-listing liquidity. Using a sample of IPOs …