To what extent did the colonial public policy influence the current regional inequalities in the French- speaking West Africa? This paper uses the differences in development outcomes across the areas of the former French West Africa to show the existence of colonial long term effects on...

The balance of global power is undergoing a tectonic shift, with “developing” countries such as India, Turkey, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, and South Africa now asserting their influence. These countries subtly redefine our notion of “strong” and “weak” economics and the relationship...

Based on evolutionist theories and project management knowledge, a connectionist model based on genetic algorithm is built to simulate innovation process in organizations. Transformation and selection produce micro dynamics to create macro behavior in the agents' population. Results clarify...

The dilemma between radical and market innovations is unlighted here by a simulation. Following evolutionist theory and innovation management, an agent-based model issued from genetic algorithm is built. In a perfect world, transformation and selection create dynamics and emergence in an agent...

The authors aim to contribute to the research on improvement of service quality and on service design by discussing service concepts through a process oriented approach. They begin by reviewing the service definitions given by some well known researchers working on service. They propose a new...

During the last decade, the Chinese government has frequently changed the value added tax (VAT) refund levels offered to exporters. Indeed, China’s VAT system is not neutral, in particular because the exporters may not receive complete refund of the domestic VAT paid on their inputs. This...

The authors aim to contribute to the research on improvement of service quality and on service design by discussing service concepts through a process oriented approach. They begin by reviewing the service definitions given by some well known researchers working on service. They propose a new...