Technical standards take such a big part in our daily life (cars, mobile phones, food and so on) that it seems to become an invisible phenomenon. The construction of these standards is mainly embedded in international arenas and networks. Scholars still know few of actors and know-how in this...

This paper analyses the potentially defensive behaviour of patent race winners and its effect on aggregate R&D effort. It proposes a quality-ladders model that endogenously determines leaders technology advantages and who innovates. Product market regulation can have either a positive or a...

Strategic surprise lies in wait. There is no surprise if competitors can figure out one's intentions before end. We examine how enlightened strategists can enact the socially-embedded knowledge that prevails over competitors' behavior to their very own favor. Findings suggest that firms can...

Dès son arrivée aux affaires, l’administration Clinton a entrepris une politique d’amélioration de la compétitivité de l’économie américaine par la technologie : « Technology for Economic Growth ». Cette politique, qui doit beaucoup au vice président Al Gore, vise à réorienter...

Dans leurs relations bilatérales, les pays industriels font fréquemment usage d'instruments non tarifaires, discriminatoires et très ciblés sur certains secteurs ou certaines entreprises comme les accords d'autolimitation volontaires, les accords d'importations volontaires, les subventions,...

The role of defense in national innovation systems is a highly topical, because of the complexity of defense systems and the desire to get value-for-money from R&D investment, especially through the commercialization of defense-funded technology. In practice, external transfer has proved to be a...

In attempting to protect their innovations, firms can choose from a range of mechanisms, which may be either non-statutory (trade secrets, design complexity, and lead-time advantage over competitors) or statutory (patent, design registration, trademark, copyright). Yet, little is known about how...