This paper explores corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the franchising sector. More specifically, using regulation theory, stakeholder-agency theory, transaction cost analysis, and literature on plural form, along with an empirical study conducted on the franchising sector in the...

The article discusses the origins of the U-shaped average cost curve, which is one of the most widely used tools in microeconomic analysis. Its widespread use leads many to consider it as a basic tool, obscuring the fact that the graph of the U-shaped average cost curve is part of a complex...

Local volatility models are popular because they can be simply calibrated to the market of European options. We extend the results of [4], [3] for such models, i.e. we propose a modi ed Leland method which allows us to approximately replicate a European contingent claim when the market is under...

Digital technologies allow the implementation of more decentralized Property Rights (PR) systems as compared to those traditionally set-up by public authorities at the national level. The self-implementation of exclusive rights of use over information and the design of self-regulation by virtual...

Inspired by the theory of financial markets with transaction costs, we study a concept of essential supremum in the framework where a random partial order in View the MathML source is lifted to the space View the MathML source of d-dimensional random variables. In contrast to the classical...

We study the Leland model for hedging portfolios in the presence of a constant proportional transaction costs coefficient. The modi fied Leland's strategy defi ned in [2], contrarily to the classical one, ensures the asymptotic replication of a large class of payoff . In this setting, we prove a...

Efficiency arguments explain why commercial intermediaries exist and will continue to be involved in the exchanges despite the spread of digital networks. Commercial intermediaries provide producers and consumers with a set of information, logistic, securization and insurance (and liquidity)...

For utility maximization problems under proportional transaction costs, it has been observed that the original market with transaction costs can sometimes be replaced by a frictionless {\em shadow market} that yields the same optimal strategy and utility. However, the question of whether or not...

An essential element of any realistic investment portfolio selection is the consideration of transaction costs. Our purpose, in this paper, is to determine the maximum return and the corresponding number of securities to buy giving such return, whenever practical constraints features related to...