We examine the empirical relationship between immigration and crime across Italian provinces during the period 1990 … with the incidence of property crimes and with the overall crime rate. Then, we use instrumental variables based on … other types of crime. Since robberies represent a very minor fraction of all criminal o ffenses, the eff ect on the overall …

Using local administrative data from 1826 to 1936, we document the evolution of crime rates in 19th century France and … we estimate the impact of a negative income shock on crime. Our identification strategy exploits the phylloxera crisis … this shock to identify its impact on property and violent crime rates, as well as minor offences. Our estimates suggest …