External referencing (ER) imposes a price cap for pharmaceuticals, based on prices of identical or comparable products …

pharmaceuticals in developing countries and should increase trade. The industry argues that other factors are necessary for poor … the United States’ trade of pharmaceuticals? A gravity model using panel data from 1993 to 2007 shows that foreign patent … protection is not a strong determinant of the United States imports and exports of pharmaceuticals. An OLS estimation, a Tobit …