Since 2004, investigations and debates have been carried out on the French research and innovation system. Policy-makers have tried to break with the traditional ‘colbertist’ state- centered model, which put emphasis on interventionism and state involvement. This system that was successful...

Faced with the technological changes and with the rise of international competition, the competitiveness of firms is based more and more on innovation. In this context, the new innovating firms are regarded as source of competitive dynamism. However, these firms encounter difficulties to finance...

The decision, in July 2005, of French government to create « poles de compétitivité », can be understood like through an old and fertile research tradition, initiate by works of A. Marshall. This tradition has developed and enriched by notions of « industrial district » or « clusters »....

Expression la plus récente de la politique industrielle française, les pôles de compétitivité sont le fruit d'une démarche volontariste initiée en 2005 par le gouvernement français et récemment réaffirmée par l'annonce de la version 2.0. Le déploiement de cette politique peut être...

Le rapport étudie la situation de l'Union européenne, comparée à celle des Etats-Unis, en matière de politique industrielle et d'innovation, notamment dans les technologies de l'information, de la communication et de la biologie ; il fait le point sur les politiques industrielles menées en...

Although there is a consensus concerning the need for public policy evaluation, there is no stable doctrine regarding the way such assessments should be carried out. Different models coexist or succeed one another; it is, for example, possible to schematically oppose a ballistic model of...