The design and topology of a neural network is still an important and difficult task. To solve the problems of topology posed by the introduction of connexionism, new approaches are proposed, and especially a combination of induction rules with a statistical estimation of the neuron coefficients...

What is the role of co-evolution in a population of firms’ adaptation to a hostile environment ? To answer this question, the network sociology is revisited starting from the Kauffman’s biological computer model. A qualitative methodology is used, updating the mechanisms of exploitation and...

The literature on R&D collaboration highlights a broad set of rationales for allying with other organizations. At the same time, it has been reported that there exists a large variety of forms of collaboration. Nevertheless, the relation between the motives to collaborate and the different forms...

This paper intends to highlight the main characteristics of the exchange relationships between mass merchandisers and suppliers. It seems that the nature of the relationships depends on the nature of suppliers. Our examination reveals that four types of relationships can be distinguished. In...