During the second half of the nineteenth century, five Great Exhibitions took place in Paris. The French state was highly involved in their financing and management which led to the implementation of public finance rules. Because of specific managerial constraints, public accounting systems and...

Following Colbert's Ordonnance of 1673, most of whose provisions were reiterated in the Code de Commerce, 1807 and the Law of Bankruptcy, 1838, traders in France were under a legal obligation to keep accounts of their business activities. In the event of bankruptcy, traders were potentially...

The organization of securities markets has not benefited from the feigned attempts of reform presented by authorities since the outbreak of the current crisis. However, speculative opportunities like the risks incurred also depend on the markets on which one operates. The Markets in Financial...

We point out that the two and half years of negotiation (1692-1694) between a group of investors and the English government, who led to the establishment of the Bank of England, aimed to guarantee the liquidity of a new public debt and not to establish a bank. We analyze the evolution of the...

Following the English example, a series of five Great Exhibitions have been held in Paris between 1855 and 1900. Unlike the British case, it was more difficult to gather financial contributions from private partners in France, so financial resources were alocated mainly by the French Government...

Five great exhibitions took place in France between 1855 and 1900, organized by both the French government and the Ville de Paris. To set up such exhibitions, organisation principles were to be defined in order to manage, to control and to generate datas as a major source of knowledge. Those...

An interesting point about the expositions universelles, these first world fairs held in Paris, has to do with the linear but complex process whereby they were designed, prepared, opened and terminated. Studying it entails developing a framework and toolbox. In a sociohistorical context where...

The history of accounting for private railway companies in Germany shows that these companies played a major role in the diffusion of historical cost accounting principles and gave birth, together with big other joint stock companies, to the dynamic" or second stage of capitalist accounting, at...

This article reviews the history literature on the Champagne fairs and points to reasons why Avner Greif's (2006) model of collective responsibility and inter-city reprisals may not apply. First, with no substantial local community of merchants, mutual dissuasion could not offer credible...