The United States spearheaded the movement for the globalization of patent protection. Over the past years, it has been pushing for the protection of strong intellectual property rights in multilateral and bilateral agreements, treaties and negotiations. The pharmaceutical industry insists that...

This article provides evidence that patent protection can have a positive effect on trade, by analysing the impact of the implementation of intellectual property rights (IPR) in developing countries on the US exports of pharmaceutical products, following intense lobbying efforts from the US...

This paper offers an integrated view of the relationships between health spending, medical innovation, health status, growth and welfare. Health spending triggers technological progress, which is a potential source of better outcomes in terms of longevity and quality of life, a direct source of...

The insurance of risks associated with health represents a major economical and social issue. The coverage of these risks enables health expenditure to be financed, which represent a significant proportion of national wealth in developed countries (11.2 % of GDP in France in 2008 according to...

This paper aims to assess the effect of the APA on the care received by disabled elderly people living in the community. Using data from the French Handicap Santé Ménage Survey, we propose an empirical analysis using the propensity score matching method. Our results suggest that the use of...

Hospital heterogeneity is a major issue in defining a reimbursement system. If hospitals are heterogeneous, it is difficult to distinguish which part of the differences in costs is due to cost containment efforts and which part cannot be reduced, because it is due to other unobserved sources of...