the policy's implementation and the presence of common pre-treatment trends between hardship and non-hardship schools …) teachers by 10 percentage points. The policy also reduced the pupil–qualified teacher ratio by 27, or 61% of the mean, in …

policy and the strength of work incentives under welfare reform. In addition, we find evidence of heterogeneous effects by … welfare: vocational education and training. The results suggest that welfare reform reduced enrollment in full-time vocational … education and had no significant effects on part-time vocational education or participation in other types of work …

In this paper we confirm the universality of steadily rising education expenditures among OECD nations, as predicted by … future. However, we find that while the level of education costs in America is significantly higher than that of all other … OECD countries, education spending per student in the United States is increasing about as quickly as it is in many other …

differences in achievement into gender differences in endowments and returns to IQ and non-cognitive factors. This descriptive … to social and instrumental skills and need for achievement can explain part of the differences in performance. Boys seem …

Is it possible to compress instruction time into fewer school years without lowering education levels? A fundamental …

black students’ education levels in terms of years of schooling, while having a modest increase on white students’ years of …

. However, the evidence on the effect of private tutoring is inconclusive for education researchers and policy makers. Employing …With the increasing attention on improving student achievement, private tutoring has been expanding rapidly worldwide … student achievement in the National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) of China. This study finds that private tutoring has mixed …

elimination of special education testing exemptions. The policy change forced schools to add varying levels of generally low …-achieving students to their testing pools, altering accountability incentives. I provide evidence that the elimination of exemptions …