This paper analyzes cordon tolling using a simple model where space is discrete rather than continuous, with commuting costs incurred only on two congested bridges. The first-best regime requires tolls on both bridges, whereas only the inner bridge is tolled under the cordon-toll regime. While...

This paper extends recent research on the fare impacts of low-cost carriers, incorporating its adjacent-airport approach to offer a comprehensive picture of the competitive effects of both legacy carriers and low-cost carriers. The analysis measures the impact of in-market (i.e., airport-pair)...

This paper investigates strategic interaction among airlines in product-quality choices. Using an instrumental variables approach, the paper estimates flight-frequency reaction functions, which relate an airline׳s frequency on a route to its own characteristics and to the frequencies of...