do more than one of those activities. In our estimation we consider the relationship between productivity all the choice …

The effects of unions on productivity and firm performance have been the topic of extensive research. Existing studies … of identical firms. This paper studies how different unionisation structures affect firm productivity and firm … tougher selection among heterogeneous producers and thus increases average productivity, firm-level bargaining allows less …

corruption on productivity. Corruption is defined as a “bribe tax” and is compared to another form of institutional inefficiency … their effects in the full sample, only the bribe tax appears to have a negative effect on firm-level productivity, while the … taxes, implying that bribing does not emerge as a second-best option to achieve higher productivity by helping circumvent …

-exporters. -- Trade ; total factor productivity ; exports ; export-led growth ; learning by exporting … firm-level productivity paths differ between firms with varying degrees of exposure to international trade in India, the … productivity and a proxy for labor productivity, we find significant ex-ante differences in productivity between exporters and non …