knowledge spillovers between similar firms, the latter argues that diversity provides more opportunities for cross … relationship for Germany and Portugal. Both countries, though member states of the European Union, are fairly different from each … considerably. While it turns out that in Portugal firm entries are positively affected by a high concentration of skills, it is the …

Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …

between technically trained founders and employees who have business skills. This suggests that the innovation potential of …