waves to estimate how regional population reacts to asymmetric shocks. These shocks are measured by non-employment rates …, unemployment rates, and wages in fixed-effects regressions which effectively use changes in these indicators over time within … regions as identifying information. Because we include region and time effects, we interpret regression-adjusted population …

policy-oriented studies have dealt with the evolution of unemployment in 2020, often country by country, this article focuses … on the evolution of unemployment as well as inactivity across European countries. Indeed, previous crises have typically … lead not only to more unemployment but also to larger numbers of discouraged unemployed and thus more inactivity. It …

cycle and during stages of increased robotization. It requires a labor legislation that ensures flexibility and retraining …, responsive labor sharing during the business cycle and to individual life cycle needs, government interventions to supply … employment labor policies establishing fair work conditions based on long-run business strategies as well as a fair distribution …