The main objective of this paper is to examine the effect growth has on CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan, controlling for energy consumption, in the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration framework. We find that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis seems to hold for...

We apply a relatively novel leading–lagging (LL) method to four leading and one lagging indexes for industrial production (IP) in Germany. We obtain three sets of results. First, we show that the sentiment-based ifo index performs best in predicting the general changes in IP (−0.596, range...

This study analyses the dynamic impact of income inequality and unemployment on crime in a panel of 15 African countries during the period 1994-2019 using four models: the panel vector autoregression model, the generalized method of moments model, the fixed-effect model, and machine learning....

The board of directors' role is paramount in businesses because it reflects the organisation's ability to earn investor confidence and improve financial performance. This paper aims to examine the relationship between environmental and social (ES) information disclosure and firm financial...