Granger causality tests finally showed that average wages, but not wage inequality, reversely and positively affect operating …

This study examines the direction of causality between Gross Domestic Product, foreign aid, foreign direct investment … causality test. Furthermore, this study achieved the unit root test for both variables using the ADF test, which confirmed that …-Yamamoto causality test was used to investigate the direction of causality between variables. The results showed a positive one …

period between 2000 and 2015 is analyzed. The methodology is based on the Granger causality test, and the non-linear Diks …–Panchenko test, while the causality in variance is checked with the Hafner–Herwartz test. …

-based economic growth hypothesis is valid when the causality relationship between exports and growth is from exports to growth, and …

for cointegration. The dynamic properties of the VAR(1) were summarized using Granger causality tests and impulse response …The purpose of this study is to examine equilibrium relationships and dynamic causality between economic growth …-run relationships among our datasets. The Johansen cointegration tests suggested that the series were not cointegrated, and hence there …

this paper, employing a combination of the Johansen cointegration test, vector autoregression, and the Granger-causality … test on annual data from 1993 to 2021, we examine the causality relationship between electricity production and key … investment, and employment, in Tajikistan. The empirical findings reveal a positive unidirectional causality from electricity …

by a variety of tests of cointegration using time-series as well as panel data. …