robust examination of the empirical findings. The result of cointegration confirms the presence of cointegration among the …

By using the Emirmahmutoglu–Kose bootstrap Granger non-causality method, this study explores the directions of … causality among tourist arrivals, tourism receipts, energy consumption and economic growth for the top 10 most-visited countries …-sectional dependence exists across the top countries for the analyzed variables, the bootstrap Granger causality test that accounts for the …

distributed lag model (ARDL) bounds test approach for cointegration testing. Their research papers rarely include all the ARDL … taken afterward with respect to causality investigation and robust analysis. …

This study examines the direction of causality between Gross Domestic Product, foreign aid, foreign direct investment … causality test. Furthermore, this study achieved the unit root test for both variables using the ADF test, which confirmed that …-Yamamoto causality test was used to investigate the direction of causality between variables. The results showed a positive one …

for cointegration. The dynamic properties of the VAR(1) were summarized using Granger causality tests and impulse response …The purpose of this study is to examine equilibrium relationships and dynamic causality between economic growth …-run relationships among our datasets. The Johansen cointegration tests suggested that the series were not cointegrated, and hence there …

Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test (ARDL) and Granger causality test to establish the type of correlation between … between financial development and energy consumption is positive in nature both in short-run and long-run. Granger causality … test results revealed unidirectional causality from financial development to energy consumption. Policymakers need to …