School choice may lead to improvements in school productivity if parents' choices reward effective schools and punish … ineffective ones. This mechanism requires parents to choose schools based on causal effectiveness rather than peer characteristics … attendance, and college quality. Parents prefer schools that enroll high-achieving peers, and these schools generate larger …

non-charter levels (that is, the average achievement level for urban non-charter students), and beyond non …

special-need students, groups that charter critics have argued are typically under-served. The results show overall gains of 0 ….35 standard deviations in math and 0.12 standard deviations in reading for each year spent at KIPP Lynn. LEP students, special … education students, and those with low baseline scores benefit more from time spent at KIPP than do other students, with reading …

schools enroll a growing share of students. We also evaluate an alternative to the charter model, Boston's pilot schools …

comprehensive high schools into small schools with roughly 100 students per grade. We use assignment lotteries embedded in New York … attendance causes a substantial increase in college enrollment, with a marked shift to CUNY institutions. Students are also less … likely to require remediation in reading and writing when at college. Detailed school surveys indicate that students at small …

disadvantaged students to attend private schools of their choice. We exploit random assignment of LSP vouchers at oversubscribed …

needn't capture treatment effects for students who haven't applied to charter schools or for students attending charters for …. Students enrolled in the schools designated for closure are eligible for “grandfathering” into the new schools; that is, they … attendance: the grandfathering instrument compares students at schools designated for takeover with students who appear similar …