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We explain how the external counterpart of the euro area M3 can be analysed by using the euro area balance of payments (b.o.p.). This is possible because the net external assets of the monetary financial institutions (MFIs) are present in two statistical frameworks that follow similar...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012165260
Against the background of increasing competition and other significant structural changes implied by globalisation, maintaining and enhancing competitiveness has evolved into one of the prime concerns in most countries. Following up on previous work (see in particular ECB Occasional Papers No....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011639807
euro area remain large. This suggests that the challenges of real convergence will remain relevant for the region even in … the medium and long term. This paper therefore focuses on real convergence and its determinants in the candidate and … convergence, followed by capital deepening, whereas labour has contributed only marginally to economic growth. There is evidence …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011641211
TARGET balances have risen during the period of the Eurosystem's asset purchase programme (APP). The APP gives rise to substantial cross-border flows of reserves at the time of asset purchases and beyond, reflecting the interaction of decentralised monetary policy implementation and the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011719852
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The last review of the ECB’s monetary policy strategy in 2003 followed a period of predominantly upside risks to price stability. Experience following the 2008 financial crisis has focused renewed attention on the question of how monetary and fiscal policy should best interact, in particular...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012650770
The paper describes the main transmission channels of the spillovers of national fiscal policies to other countries within the euro area and investigates their magnitude using different models. In the context of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), fiscal spillovers are relevant for the accurate...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012206331
In the low inflation and low interest rate environment that prevailed over the period 2013-2020, many argued that besides expansionary monetary policy, expansionary fiscal policy could also support central banks' efforts to bring inflation closer to target. During the pandemic, proper alignment...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014471098