Mandelbrot (Int Econ Rev 1:79–106, <CitationRef CitationID="CR18">1960</CitationRef>) proposed using the so-called Pareto–Lévy class of distributions as a framework for representing income distributions. We argue in this article that the Pareto–Lévy distribution is an interesting candidate for representing income distributions...</citationref>

This article analyzes labor force participation with particular reference to the discouraged worker effect. Discouraged workers are those who will search for work when the labor market is tight but do not search for work when the labor market is slack because they consider their chances of...