Several studies have developed empirical models of U.K. money demand using the century of annual and phase-average data in Friedman and Schwartz (1982). The current paper evaluates key models from those studies, employing tests of constancy and encompassing. The evidence strongly favors an...

Even though pieces of empirical evidence individually may corroborate an economic theory, their joint existence may refute that same theory. Testing of rational expectations models provides a concrete illustration of this principle. Surprisingly, empirical refutation of a rational expectations...

This paper examines several central issues in the empirical modeling of money demand. These issues include economic theory, data measurement, parameter constancy, the opportunity cost of holding money, cointegration, model specification, exogeneity, and inferences for policy. Review of these...

This paper develops a constant, data-coherent, equilibrium correction model for broad money demand (M3) in Greece over 1976-1994. The aggregate M3 was targeted until recently, and current monetary policy still uses such aggregates as guidelines. In spite of financial innovation, financial...

Since the objective of economic policy is to change target variables in the DGP, when economic policy analysis uses an econometric model, it is important that the model delivers reliable inferences about policy responses in the DGP. This requires that the model be congruent and encompassing, and...