Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Kalman filter convergence tests are applied to annual GDPs per head to 16 … industrialised countries from 1890 to 1989. Results favour convergence towards the US with a structural break following the Second … World War. Estimates suggest that steady-states were higher after the war and that speeds of convergence are different …

convergence in eco-efficiency in greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Eco-efficiency is assessed at both country and … proposed by Picazo-Tadeo et al. (Eur J Oper Res, 220:798–809, <CitationRef CitationID="CR34">2012</CitationRef>). Convergence …">2007</CitationRef>) approach that allows testing for the existence of convergence groups. Although the results point to the existence of …

productivity convergence among euro area countries. While no convergence can be found on the aggregate level, selected service … sectors and manufacturing sub-industries indicate evidence of convergence. In a search for factors influencing productivity …

that, from the 1980’s onwards, we can accept the hypothesis of stochastic convergence between France, Germany and Japan, on …