Four model-based State of Charge (SOC) estimation methods for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are studied and evaluated in this paper. Different from existing literatures, this work evaluates different aspects of the SOC estimation, such as the estimation error distribution, the estimation rise...

This paper proposes a novel battery cell balancing topology with reduced component count and simplified control. The balancing algorithm is based on the state of charge (SOC) of each individual cell instead of cell voltage. The principle of the proposed topology is analyzed and verified through...