Spinning reserve allocation is a critical problem for active power dispatch with large-scale wind power penetration. A risk-based reserve allocation method that accounts multiple control sub-area coordination is given in this paper. And a multi-objective optimization model is constructed to...

The operation of power systems has been complicated by the rapid diversification of loads. Analyzing load characteristics becomes necessary to different utilities in energy management systems to ensure the reliability of power systems. Here, we describe a method of analyzing and quantifying the...

The application of a stationary ultra-capacitor energy storage system (ESS) in urban rail transit allows for the recuperation of vehicle braking energy for increasing energy savings as well as for a better vehicle voltage profile. This paper aims to obtain the best energy savings and voltage...