This paper analyzes modernization options for a local energy system, including both demand reduction and supply-related measures. The high-resolution optimization model deeco (dynamic energy, emission, and cost optimization) is extended by developing techniques to support conventional insulation...

The mathematical conditions for the existence of macroeconomic production functions that are state functions of the economic system are pointed out. The output elasticities and the elasticities of substitution of energy-dependent Cobb-Douglas, CES and LinEx production functions are calculated....