This paper presents a unified simple correlation for estimating specific chemical exergy of solid and liquid fuels on dry basis. The specific chemical exergy of a dry fuel was split into two contributions: chemical of exergies of organic matter and inorganic matter, respectively. To estimate...

Liquefaction bio-oil from sewage sludge using different organic solvent (methanol, ethanol or acetone) at temperature of 260–380 °C was characterized in terms of its elemental and chemical composition, and was further upgraded by microemulsion technology. The bio-oil obtained had high carbon...

Lignocellulosic biomass, microalgae and sewage sludge have distinct compositions and structures to each other. To understand the effect of feedstock differences on biomass liquefaction process, the liquefaction characteristics of rice straw (lignocellulosic biomass), Spirulina (microalgae) and...

Thermo-chemical treatment of sewage sludge is an interesting option for recovering energy and/or valuable products from this waste. This work presents an energetic assessment of pyrolysis and gasification of sewage sludge, also considering the prior sewage sludge thermal drying and the...

This paper studies the characteristics of blends of biodiesel and a new type of SSPO (sewage sludge derived intermediate pyrolysis oil) in various ratios, and evaluates the application of such blends in an unmodified Lister diesel engine. The engine performance and exhaust emissions were...

Copyrolysis of sewage sludge–coal blends at different ratios (0:100, 10:90, 50:50 and 100:0) was investigated using a simultaneous thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry analyser. During copyrolysis three thermal decomposition stages were identified between 180 and 800°C. From 180°C to 385°C,...