International Agency of the Energy reports on “Commissioning of Building HVAC systems for Improved Energy Performance”. In this … improvement of building envelopes. On the other hand, the technical performance of the air-conditioning plants, ensured by … commissioning procedures, becomes a key point for the control of energy needs in buildings. The essential work of Annex 40 of the …

Performance of a HRES (hybrid renewable energy system) is highly affected by changes in renewable resources and … therefore interruptions of electricity supply may happen in such systems. In this paper, a method to determine the optimal size … common approach with those obtained by using the proposed method. The performance of the proposed method in design of HRES is …

the whole system. The reliability and availability analysis of BCHP system is helpful to the designer to decide the … three forms of energy supply including electricity, heat and cool in BCHP system. The failure rate, the repair rate, the … respectively. Then, a numerical case for the reliability analysis of the redundant and non-redundant BCHP systems is compared to …

model. By analyzing the differences and similarities between V2G reserve and generation side reserve in terms of reliability … reliability. To achieve the minimal total cost of the purchase cost and risk cost of reserve trade, and taking reliability … electricity price as measurement index, a new reserve trading model of electric companies concerning the V2G reserve was proposed …

We develop a framework to assess and quantify the sustainability and reliability of different power production … Northwestern European electricity market (Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands) provides a case study for our purposes. We … using a diverse set of metrics. This analysis is the first attempt to include exergy-based and reliability indices when …

) systems with least cost and predetermined reliability to satisfy load. Algebraic equations for optimal PV array area (Aopt … rational in terms of power reliability and cost, and simple to implement for the size optimization of standalone PV systems as …

-modules were tested in a number of field-test sites in various parts of Europe and their reliability was assessed through Highly …

expansions. This method takes into account the new needs of the transmission planning process for competitive electricity markets …, in which benefits of major transmission expansions include: (a) improved reliability, (b) increased availability of …

technique to enhance the reliability of the distribution systems. The objective functions to be investigated are: SAIFI (System … cost. In order to observe the effect of renewable energy sources on the reliability of the power system, wind power source …