Coal bio-oil slurries (CBSs) were prepared by blending coal with bio-oil from the fast pyrolysis, and their apparent viscosities were measured by a rotary viscometer. The influences of coal rank, solid concentration, particle size distribution and temperature on the apparent viscosity and...

Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis was conducted to compare the fundamental pyrolytic behaviors between the lignocellulose fermentation residue (LFR) and three other biomass raw materials. It was found that the TG weight loss curve of LFR appeared very close to the curve of acidified alkaline...

Triethylamine was found to be effective in promoting the cracking of heptane at the temperature of 550–650°C. The experimental yields of ethylene and propylene are more than twice as high as the calculated values on hypothesis of no interaction between triethylamine and heptane, when the mass...

A village was selected from agro-climatic zone-5 in Punjab (India) to assess energy-resource availability, expenditure and shortcomings of the village ecosystem. Data on energy inputs and outputs were collected over a period of two years. The village had a gross power of 3.9 kW/ha and the...

Energy inputs and crop yields of rice by 209 farmers from three villages were collected over 2 years and analysed. Relations were found between crop yield and tillage, irrigation, fertilizers, and pre-harvest or total energy inputs. The 209 farmers were divided into 25 homogeneous groups by...