The examination of exergy transfer characteristics caused by forced convective heat transfer through a duct with constant wall heat flux for thermally and hydrodynamic fully developed laminar and turbulent flows has been presented. The exergy transfer Nusselt number is put forward and the...

The exergy transfer characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer inside a circular duct under fully developed laminar and turbulent forced convection are presented. Temperature is kept constant at the duct wall. The exergy transfer Nusselt number is put forward and the analytical expressions...

To investigate the status quo of heating supply and the impact of energy saving policies in northern China, a survey was conducted on the DHSs (district heating systems) in 15 Chinese cities. The average heating energy consumption was 19.2% lower than in 2008 due to the corresponding policies...