The paper reviews the role of taxation in controlling transport externalities. It argues that the design of transport taxes should take into account pre-existing tax distortions in the economy and looks at the implications of restrictions on the transport instruments at the disposal of the...

We analyze important forces that hamper the formation of successful self-enforcing agreements to mitigate global warming. The analysis combines two modules: a) a computable general equilibrium model that captures the feedback between the economy, environmental damages and the climate system and...

Policy makers can improve traffic safety by the use of different instruments. These instruments include regulation (e.g. speed limits, vehicle standards, etc.), enforcement of regulation, liability rules, physical measures (e.g. roundabouts, speed humps, etc.), economic instruments (pricing of...

Evaluaties van het milieubeleid zijn in Vlaanderen een relatief recent fenomeen. Milieueffecten rapportering (MER) en regulatory impact analysis (RIA) zijn wettelijke verplichtingen voor projecten en beleidsmaatregelen met een mogelijk belangrijke impact op het leefmilieu. Om zinvolle resultaten...

This paper discusses the methodology and some results to assess the means and costs of meeting the Kyoto target for Greenhouse gas emissions in Belgium. This target consists in reducing the emissions of Greenhouse gasses in 2008-2012 by 7.5% compared to the level of 1990. Here we assume that...

This article studies the effects of informal, non-monetary sanctions, such as warnings, which are often used as an enforcement instrument by environmental inspection agencies. In cases of uncertainty with respect to the measured emissions due to measurement errors or accidental violations, some...

This paper investigates the coalitional stability of the 1997~Kyoto Protocol on the emissions of greenhouse gases. Unlike conventional coalition stability tests we assume that potential deviators are farsighted in the sense of Chwe~(1994) and take into account possible subsequent deviations by...

We build a structural model to understand the fine set in court, which is described as the outcome of a two-stage game between defendant, public prosecutor and judge. The equilibrium fine depends on the harm caused, the costs to society and the probalility that the quilty party is punished. This...

This paper examines equity and efficiency properties of voluntary international environmental agreements. A classical welfare economics framework is used while focusing on one particular instrument, i.e. emissions trading. It is demonstrated that if emission permit allocations face no...

For the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, governments of annex I countries need to develop strategies and policies for greenhouse gas reduction. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) offer CO2 emission reduction opportunities both home and abroad. Selection of effective forestry...