a smog crisis and the recession of coal industry, China׳s 2013 policy change is major setback in its long-term efforts …In 2013, China׳s national government abandoned its previous cautious policy and started to promote large …-scale deployment of coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG). Coal-based SNG is both carbon-intensive and very water-intensive. Driven by …

Since China decontrolled coal prices, its coal price has risen steadily and been unusually volatile. In 2011 in … particular, high coal prices and capped electricity prices in China discouraged coal-fired power generation, triggering … is unlikely to counteract the overall trend in increasing coal consumption globally. China's market size and unique …

This paper investigates the causal relationship between urban population, real GDP, electricity production and coal … consumption in China for the period 1971–2009. Using a vector autoregression framework and a modified version of the Granger (1969 … GDP to coal consumption. The variance decomposition analysis report that urban population and coal affect electricity …

China has emerged as a leader in coal liquefaction. While the country's abundant coal resources and acute concerns … about oil security help explain China's interest in liquefaction, the driving forces for this industry are complicated and … policy has been inconsistent. Since 2006 Beijing has tried to slow down the development of liquefaction; even as China has …

be endangered by shortages of rare earths and rare earth permanent magnets. At the moment, China is the predominant … widespread concern. To diversify supplies, new mining—outside of China—is needed. But what many observers of the “rare earth … problem” overlook is that China also dominates in (1) the processing of rare earths, particularly the less abundant heavy rare …

China is now a major consumer and importer of energy, and its choices and policies will increasingly affect the rest of … the world. This paper analyses the key features of China’s energy policy as it faces the prospect of possible challenges …, and considers the China’s policymakers new emphasis on energy efficiency, conservation, renewable energy and the shift to …