energy (or fuel) poverty is slowly entering the EU's agenda, where it has crept into a number of regulatory documents and … poverty within (i) the organisational context of the EU; and (ii) national state institutions in Bulgaria – a member state … the existence of direct energy poverty related initiatives at the EU level. …

This article tries to shed light on why gas relations between the EU and Russia, which were previously stable, have … structuring this sector. The model of vertically unbundled network industries promoted by the EU is no longer the one that Russia … a context where the economic stakes are very high. For the EU and its gas companies, access to Russia’s hydrocarbon …

The EU Renewable Energy Strategy (RES) Directive requires that each member state obtain 20% of its energy supply from … significant role, and that the EU RES Directive implementation will be uneven across Europe, reflecting various welfare models …