Small scale WTs (wind turbines) are known a great interest energy feeding, especially for isolated area, and water pumping application. It is very crucial to operate a WT around its maximal efficiency in order to extract a maximum energy from the wind. To achieve this goal, various MPPT (maximum...

The output power-voltage (P-V) curve of a solar photovoltaic (PV) power system shows a single peak under an even irradiation environment, nevertheless, but often exhibits seriously nonlinear multi-peak characteristics under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Then, traditional maximum power point...