To reach climate targets, future energy systems must rely heavily on variable renewable energy sources (VRES) such as wind and photovoltaic (PV). As the share of VRES increases, the topics of flexibility and the smart interplay of different flexibility options grow in importance. One way to...

Energy system models are increasingly used to identify climate change mitigation measures. Crucially, such models require future cost estimates, which depend on both technological advancement and investments. In global models, which encompass the whole world, this can be implemented via learning...