Investment in the petroleum industry is heavily exposed to various risks due to their capital-intensive nature, high initial investment, and long-lived and highly specific asset. Risk assessment methods should consider the analysis and effect of key risks on profitability indicators of such...

Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are cornerstone tools in guiding decarbonization policies. However, the petrochemical sector, which is crucial to the future of oil and gas due to its non-energy fossil feedstock demands, has been overlooked in IAMs. This study aims to evaluate the...

Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is an alternative method to transport natural gas (NG), more versatile than pipeline gas, and helps increasing the availability, affordability and use of NG compared to carbon-intensive coal and oil. In the LNG market, various expansions projects have been planned and...

The energy transition is leading to profound changes in all parts of the energy system, but the reduction of fossil fuels in the heating sector is a major challenge for the energy sector. The changing heat-generating structure also affects its supply infrastructures. The impact on the existing...

Natural gas infrastructures play a key role in the transition towards the new energy model, with a high share of renewable energies, both ensuring the firm capacity of electric power systems and integrating all energy vectors. The European Union (EU) strongly depends on external natural gas...

Due to the vast conserves of Bangladesh's natural gas's total demand has increased in the last decade. Natural gas was a primary source of energy and played a vital role in Bangladesh's sectorial consumption and rapid economic development. This study explores the factors influencing natural gas...

Germany strives to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 80% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. In the underlying roadmap (Climate Action Plan 2050), natural gas is declared to be a bridge energy carrier into a carbon neutral era. But, since the roadmap only describes guiding...

East Asia is the world's main natural gas importing region, in which China became the world's largest gas importer in 2018. However, China's natural gas imports are subject to a high premium level, which increases the gas import cost and negatively impacts China's energy structure transformation...

The low gas filling levels in underground gas storages (UGSs) in the European Union (EU), and the subsequent price volatility and geopolitical tensions between Russia and the EU triggered the adoption of counterbalancing policy strategies in the EU. A specific measure was the mandatory refilling...

Northern countries face a unique challenge in decarbonizing heating demands. This study compares two pathways to reduce carbon emissions from building heating by (1) replacing natural gas heaters with electric heat pumps or (2) replacing natural gas with renewable gas. Optimal annual system cost...