We analyze the energy market and ETS outcomes in Kazakhstan, a major fossil-fuel exporter. The energy market was characterized by the presence of large state-owned enterprises, prevalence of fossil fuel subsidies, and dominance of coal-fired generation. Despite the ETS, Kazakhstan's CO2...

Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) represent 22% of global greenhouse gas emissions. To meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement, the AFOLU sector greenhouse gases must be dramatically reduced and eventually transformed to net negative CO2e within this century. The...

China's renewable energy consumption was 6.37 EJ in 2018, making it the world's largest renewable energy consumer. Exploring the economic and social driving factors behind the dynamic evolution of renewable energy consumption in China not only serve China better development of renewable energy,...

Due to the continuous growth of China's electricity demand, the efficiency of electricity consumption has drawn great attention. Based on 31 provincial panel data in China from 2004 to 2018, this study uses the spatial autocorrelation test and spatial econometric methods to quantitatively...

National-scale energy systems optimisation models (ESOMs) have been limited in the past by the lack of sub-national data availability leading to aggregated treatment of spatial dynamics. This review paper first determines how a combination of supply and demand data requirements and...

Energy is the basis for development of material civilization. Since fossil energy can cause environmental problems, clean energy has become the trend of energy development. Solar energy is a kind of resource-rich and clean energy. Therefore, it exists great prospects of development. In addition,...

The sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region gathers the most vulnerable countries, which are criss-crossed geographically, making SSA countries extremely vulnerable to the influence of neighbouring countries. However, very few studies have considered the spillover effect of technical assistance in the...

As the world's largest energy consumer, it is worth exploring how China can achieve high-quality energy development. This paper aims to assess the role of green finance development in China's high-quality energy development (HED). We develop two indicator systems to measure the level of...

Geoengineering options such as negative emissions technologies (NETs) or greenhouse gas removal (GGR) may need to contribute towards decarbonization, by removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it safely in biological or geological sinks, or reflecting sunlight back into space via solar...

This work presents an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) developed for Ecuador, the so-called Ecuador Land Use and Energy Network Analysis model (ELENA). This model includes six distinctive sectors of the economy and displays the four geographic regions composing the country. The model enables to...