We evaluate by means of Monte Carlo simulations the <b>W</b>-based spatial autoregressive model and the structural equation model with latent variables (SEM) to handle two types of simultaneously occurring weak spatial dependence: (i) spillover from a hotspot, and (iia) spillover from first-order,...

In this paper we propose a structural equation model (SEM) with latent variables to model spatial dependence. Rather than using the spatial weights matrix <?tf=“t005”>W, we propose to use latent variables to represent spatial dependence and spillover effects, of which the observed spatially lagged...</?tf=“t005”>

Whereas studies on regional inequality tend to focus on income disparities, we investigate regional inequality in Spain with respect to health facilities. In this study we examine trends in regional inequality over the period 1964 to 1991 during which fundamental changes in health policies were...